The global market for six major clean-energy technologies exceeded US$1.1 trillion in 2025, after growing about 20% annually over the previous decade. Under current policies, the IEA expects it to approach US$1.9 trillion by 2035. If governments' stated policy intentions are included, stronger support could lift the market above US$2.6 trillion. However, tariffs and other trade restrictions are changing where equipment is manufactured and sold.
Investment in manufacturing facilities peaked near US$220 billion in 2023 and fell below US$200 billion in 2025. China accounted for roughly 70% of cumulative investment since 2020, while capacity expanded faster than demand in several sectors. In 2024, solar manufacturing capacity was more than twice global demand, and battery capacity was more than three times demand. The IEA argues that diversification can strengthen resilience, but international trade remains essential for affordable deployment. Policy makers therefore need to balance industrial goals with open, reliable supply chains.